Comparative Physics Theories Observatory

Research scope

Compare established physics and clearly identified external research theories using equations, mathematical objects, validity regimes, observables, evidence and limitations. Original speculative physics and private cosmology are excluded.

Proposed L1-L10 theory-layer comparisons are not scientific equivalence proofs.

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Initial 50-subject comparison atlas

These are source-indexing candidates, not 50 completed L1-L10 theory extracts or equivalent mathematical models. Research proposals are distinguished from established reference theories.

1. classical mechanics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
2. Lagrangian mechanics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
3. Hamiltonian mechanics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
4. dynamical systems and chaos (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
5. Newtonian gravity (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
6. special relativity (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
7. general relativity (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
8. classical electromagnetism (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
9. geometrical optics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
10. wave optics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
11. acoustics and wave propagation (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
12. thermodynamics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
13. statistical mechanics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
14. kinetic theory (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
15. fluid mechanics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
16. magnetohydrodynamics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
17. plasma physics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
18. quantum mechanics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
19. open quantum systems (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
20. quantum information theory (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
21. quantum electrodynamics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
22. quantum chromodynamics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
23. electroweak theory (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
24. standard model particle physics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
25. effective field theory (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
26. nuclear structure and reactions (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
27. atomic physics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
28. molecular spectroscopy (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
29. condensed matter physics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
30. topological condensed matter (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
31. materials physics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
32. stellar structure and evolution (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
33. galactic dynamics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
34. celestial mechanics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
35. gravitational wave physics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
36. black hole physics (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
37. Lambda-CDM background cosmology (REFERENCE_COSMOLOGY_MODEL)
38. inflationary cosmology (RESEARCH_UNCONFIRMED)
39. Big Bang nucleosynthesis (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
40. cosmic microwave background (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
41. cosmic structure formation (ESTABLISHED_OR_STANDARD_REFERENCE)
42. string theory (RESEARCH_UNCONFIRMED)
43. loop quantum gravity (RESEARCH_UNCONFIRMED)
44. causal-set quantum gravity (RESEARCH_UNCONFIRMED)
45. asymptotic-safety quantum gravity (RESEARCH_UNCONFIRMED)
46. holography / AdS-CFT duality (THEORETICAL_VALIDITY_REGIME_SPECIFIC)
47. modified gravity theories (RESEARCH_UNCONFIRMED)
48. supersymmetry (RESEARCH_UNCONFIRMED)
49. grand unified theories (RESEARCH_UNCONFIRMED)
50. loop quantum cosmology (RESEARCH_UNCONFIRMED)

Download the seed catalog and layer definitions (JSON)

Worked comparison: GR exterior Schwarzschild

A ten-layer scientific comparison record using published GR and NIST sources. Matrix slots are populated but are not ten independently benchmark-certified results.

1. Physical primitives: metric g_mu_nu, central mass M, areal radius r, c, G, static observers
2. Assumptions: spherically symmetric, static vacuum exterior, r greater than r_s=2GM/c^2
3. Equations: Einstein vacuum equations G_mu_nu=0 and photon null-geodesic propagation
4. Geometry: Schwarzschild ds^2=-(1-r_s/r)c^2 dt^2 +(1-r_s/r)^(-1)dr^2+r^2 dOmega^2
5. Invariant: timelike Killing field, conserved photon Killing energy
6. Propagation: frequency local to static observer proportional to E_Killing / sqrt(1-r_s/r)
7. Measurement: static emitter at r_e and receiver at r_r, local proper time frequencies
8. Observable: nu_r/nu_e=sqrt((1-r_s/r_e)/(1-r_s/r_r)); z=nu_e/nu_r -1
9. Limit: weak-field z approximates GM/c^2*(1/r_e-1/r_r)
10. Scope: no spin, moving observers, cosmological expansion, plasma, or interior static observer

Machine-readable ten-layer worked model | Reference calculator